Sound has long played a central role in Hindu worship, with Vedic chants, bells, conch-shells, and gongs shaping the spiritual soundscape. Unlike the time-domain focus typical in Western religious acoustics, Hindu rituals emphasize frequency-rich sounds, forming what we term a “frequency domain soundscape of worship.” In this talk, Shashank Aswathanarayana will present the results of his acoustic analysis of six UNESCO heritage South Indian temples: four rock-cut cave temples in Badami and Aihole and two ...